Persistencia de medicamentos biológicos durante ocho años en pacientes con artritis reumatoide y espondiloartritis

Objective: To calculate the persistence, over a period of eight years, the retention rate of first and second-line of treatment with biological agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis and to compare retention rates of the various drugs for each pathology. Method: Retrospective observational study that included patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis, who started treatment with biological agents between January 2009 and December 2012 and followed until December 2016. Results: 132, 87 and 33 patients were included in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis, respectively. The median retention duration of all biological agents for the first and second-line, was 30.9 months and 14.0 months, respectively for rheumatoid arthritis; 63.06 months and 25.6 months, respectively in spondyloarthritis. Psoriatic arthritis did not reach the median (> 70 months in first-line) (first line p = 0.002). Individual drug survival in first line: the median retention duration of tocilizumab was 58.3 months, followed by etanercept (p = 0.79) in rheumatoid arthritis. For spondyloarthritis, golimumab and etanercept had greater retention than the other drugs (they did not reach the median): adalimumab was 63.0 months and for infliximab was 50.1 months. In psoriatic arthritis, golimumab, infliximab and etanercept not reach the median and they had greater retention arthritis, and golimumab for spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Conclusions: Tocilizumab and etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis, and golimumab in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis also, were the most persistent drugs in first-line and second-line treatmentObjetivo: Calcular y analizar la persistencia global y por medicamento, en primera y segunda línea de tratamiento, en pacientes con artritis reumatoide, espondiloartritis axial radiográfica y no radiográfica y artritis psoriásica durante un periodo de ocho años. Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de persistencia en pacientes que iniciaron su terapia con medicamentos biológicos entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2012 en seguimiento hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Se analizaron 132, 87 y 33 pacientes con artritis reumatoide, espondiloartritis y artritis psoriásica, respectivamente. La persistencia mediana global para los biológicos en primera y segunda línea fueron: 30,9 meses y 14 meses, respectivamente, en artritis reumatoide; 63,06 meses y 25,6 meses en espondiloartritis. No se alcanzó la persistencia mediana en los ocho años de seguimiento en artritis psoriásica (> 70 meses) (p = 0,002 para la función de supervivencia entre patologías en primera línea). Persistencia mediana alcanzada en primera línea por medicamento: tocilizumab (58,3 meses), seguido de etanercept (44 meses) en artritis reumatoide (p = 0,79); en espondiloartritis golimumab y etanercept fueron los más persistentes (no alcanzaron la mediana), seguidos de adalimumab (44 meses) e infliximab (50,1 meses). En artritis psoriásica, golimumab seguido de infliximab y etanercept fueron los más persistentes (no alcanzaron la mediana), y adalimumab (59,4 meses). Persistencia mediana alcanzada en segunda línea por medicamento: tocilizumab (22,1 meses) en artritis reumatoide. Golimumab fue el más persistente en espondiloartritis y artritis psoriásica (sin alcanzar la mediana). Conclusiones: Tocilizumab y etanercept fueron los medicamentos más persistentes en artritis reumatoide, y golimumab en espondiloartritis y artritis psoriásica en primera y segunda línea de tratamient

Diferencias salariales por sexo en Andalucia. Una reflexion en torno al cambio del comportamiento en la jornada extra

El hecho de que la ganancia media de los hombres sea superior a la de las mujeres, y que las diferencias salariales se produzcan dentro de todas las categorías profesionales y en todos los sectores de la economía, es fácilmente contrastable. Sin embargo según los datos de la ganancia media por hora extra trabajada, esta diferencia en la categoría de obreros se manifiesta a favor de las mujeres. En este trabajo analizaremos los posibles motivos que dan lugar a esta situación

Diferencias salariales por sexo. Análisis en los distintos sectores de la economia andaluza

Este trabajo trata de mostrar el distinto comportamiento de las diferencias salariales entre hombres y mujeres en los sectores Industria, Construcción y Servicios durante los años 1996, 1997 y 1998 en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Para ello hemos comparado las diferencias salariales existentes en dicha Comunidad Autónoma y las de la media Nacional. Hemos utilizado dos categorías profesionales, empleados y obreros, para poder observar, además, si el comportamiento de la diferencia salarial en ambos es el mismo

Algunas consideraciones sobre la influencia de los estudios previos en las calificaciones de Matemáticas para los alumnos de la Diplomatura de Empresariales

En este trabajo analizamos los resultados obtenidos por los alumnos de primer curso de la Diplomatura de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad de Sevilla, en la asignatura de Matemáticas, en el presente curso, teniendo en cuenta los estudios anteriores realizados. Intentamos determinar, a partir de los resultados obtenidos en el primer cuatrimestre, la influencia que tiene sobre éstos la formación matemática previa a la matriculación en este curso. La elección del primer cuatrimestre se ha realizado dada la novedad que suponen para el alumno los conceptos impartidos. Realizamos el análisis de las calificaciones obtenidas, observando la opción elegida en los estudios medios. Hemos tenido en cuenta la diversa procedencia de los alumnos, porque, en la actualidad subsisten los estudios de formación profesional, BUP y COU, junto con los nuevos bachilleratos y módulos profesionales, con distintas asignaturas de Matemáticas. Por tanto, nos parece el momento adecuado para poder observar la adaptación de los alumnos con diferente formación a la enseñanza que impartimos en la Diplomatura de Ciencias Empresariales

Reflexiones sobre la adecuación de los conocimientos previos de los alumnos al temario de matemáticas de la Escuela de Empresariales

El objetivo de este trabajo es observar si existen lagunas de conocimientos, destrezas y/o procedimientos matemáticos en los alumnos de primer curso de la Diplomatura de Ciencias Empresariales. Si es así, este desconocimiento puede afectar, al menos en parte, su andadura en esta materia. Para evitar, en alguna medida, este handicap que tienen algunos alumnos, el primer paso será conocer a fondo la situación, es decir, analizar cuáles son las deficiencias matemáticas que pueden tener, atendiendo a los estudios que hayan cursado previamente; ya sea Bachillerato, estudios de BUP y COU, o bien módulos profesionales. De este modo, será posible orientarlos para que el estudio de las Matemáticas no resulte una carrera de obstáculos

Spectral response of dielectric nano-antennas in the far- and near-field regimes

Recent studies show that the spectral behaviour of localized surface plasmon resonances (LPSRs) in metallic nanoparticles su er from both a redshift and a broadening in the transition from the far- to the near-field regimes. An interpretation of this efect was given in terms of the evanescent and propagating components of the angular spectrum representation of the radiated eld. Due to the increasing interest awakened by magnetodielectric materials as a both low-loss material option for nanotechnology applications, and also for their particular scattering properties, here we study the spectral response of a magnetodielectric nanoparticle as a basic element of a dielectric nano-antenna. This study is made by analyzing the changes su ered by the scattered electromagnetic field when propagating from the surface of this dielectric nanostructure to the far-zone in terms of propagating and evanescent plane wave components of the radiated fields.This research was supported by MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) with project FIS2013- 45854-P

Protective effects of fermented goat milk on genomic stability, oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling in testis during anaemia recovery

Oxidative stress is a harmful factor for male reproductive function, and a major cause of infertility. On the other hand, fermented goat milk has positive effects on anemia recovery and mineral metabolism. This study evaluated the effect of feeding rats with fermented milks during anaemia recovery on molecular mechanisms linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling in rats reproductive system. Forty male Wistar rats were placed on a pre-experimental period of 40 days (control group, receiving normal-Fe diet and Fe-deficient group, receiving low-Fe diet). Lately, rats were fed with fermented goat or cow milk-based diets during 30 days. After feeding the fermented milks, Total antioxidant status (TAS) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 15-F2t-isoprostanes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) decreased in testis. DNA oxidative damage in testis germ cells was lower with fermented goat milk. Fermented goat milk reduced IL-6 and TNF-α in control animals, increasing INF-γ in control and anaemic rats. NRF2 and PGC-1α protein levels increased in testis after fermented goat milk consumption in control and anaemic rats. Fermented goat milk also increased TAS and decreased oxidative damage, protecting the main testis cell bioconstituents (lipids, proteins, DNA, prostaglandins) from oxidative damage and reduced inflammatory activity, preventing injuries to testis germinal epithelium. Fermented goat milk enhanced lipolysis, fatty acids degradation and immune response, attenuating inflammatory signalling, representing a positive growth advantage for testicular cells.Jorge Moreno-Fernandez was supported by fellowship from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (Spain) and is grateful to the Excellence Ph.D. Program “Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos” from the University of Granada. This study was supported by Andalusian Government, Excellence Research Project No. P11-AGR-7648

Iron Deficiency and Neuroendocrine Regulators of Basal Metabolism, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure in Rats

Although dietary iron is a determinant of iron status in animals, body fat mass has been reported to have an inverse association with iron status in human studies. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between Fe homeostasis, body composition, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine regulators for severe Fe-deficiency anaemia. Forty male Wistar albino rats recently weaned were divided at random into two groups: the control group was fed the basal diet, AIN-93G diet (normal-Fe) and the anaemic group received a low-Fe diet for 40 days. Neuroendocrine parameters that regulate basal metabolism and appetite (thyroid hormones, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone), body composition, respiratory volumes, energy expenditure, haematological and biochemical were assessed. Total body fat was lower, whereas lean mass, free and total water were higher in the anemic group. O2 consumption, CO2 production, energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were lower in the Fe-deficient animals. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormones decreased, while thyroid-stimulating hormone increased in the anemic group. Circulating levels of ghrelin were lower in the anemic group, while GIP, glucagon, insulin, corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were higher. Fe-deficiency impairs weight gain in the rats, with marked reductions in lean mass and body fat, indicating lower energy stores.This study was supported by the Excellence Project (P11-AGR-7648) from the Regional Government of Andalusia

Treadmill exercise buffers behavioral alterations related to ethanol binge-drinking in adolescent mice.

The binge-drinking pattern of EtOH consumption, which is frequently observed in adolescents, is known to induce several neurobehavioral alterations, but protection strategies against these impairments remain scarcely explored. Our aim was to study the protective role of treadmill physical exercise on the deficits caused after repeated cycles of binge-like EtOH exposure in the cognition, motivation, exploration, and emotion of C57BL/6J mice from adolescence to adulthood. Animals were divided into four groups: control group, exercised group, EtOH group, and exercised + EtOH group (20% in tap water). The exercise was performed for 20 minutes, 5 days/week at 20 cm/s. Then, animals were submitted to several behavioral tasks. Compared to binge-drinking mice, the exercised + EtOH group exhibited diminished anxiolytic-related behaviors, enhanced exploratory activity, and reduced preference for alcohol odor when another rewarding stimulus was present (social stimulus). Besides, exercised + EtOH group showed a decrease of explorative behavior after repeated exposition to the same context (habituation learning), whereas working memory was not improved. Unfortunately, exercise was not able to reduce alcohol consumption across the weeks. Physical activity during adolescence could buffer certain neurobehavioral alterations associated with binge-drinking, despite not reducing the quantity of consumed alcohol

Fermented Goat Milk Consumption Enhances Brain Molecular Functions during Iron Deficiency Anemia Recovery

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Iron plays critical roles in nervous system development and cognition. Despite the known detrimental consequences of IDA on cognition, available studies do not provide molecular mechanisms elucidating the role of iron in brain functions during iron deficiency and recovery with dairy components. In this study, 100 male Wistar rats were placed on a pre-experimental period of 40 days and randomly divided in two groups: a control group receiving a normal-Fe diet, (45 mg/kg), and an Fe-deficient group receiving a low-Fe diet (5 mg/kg). At day 40, 10 rats per group were sacrificed to anemia control, and 80 rats were divided into eight experimental groups fed with fermented goat or cow milk-based diets, with normal Fe content or Fe overload (450 mg/kg) for 30 days. IDA decreased most of the parameters related to brain molecular functions, namely dopamine, irisin, MAO-A, oxytocin, -endorphin, and alpha-MSH, while it increased synaptophysin. These alterations result in an impairment of brain molecular functions. In general, during anemia recovery, fermented goat milk diet consumption increased dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, synaptophysin, and alpha-MSH, and decreased MAO-A and MAO-B, suggesting a potential neuroprotective effect in brain functions, which could enhance brain molecular functions.This study was supported by the Excellence Research Project (P11-AGR-7648) from the Regional Government of Andalusi